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  正则匹配
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  <h1 id="正则匹配"><a href="#正则匹配" class="headerlink" title="正则匹配"></a>正则匹配</h1><h2 id="基本使用"><a href="#基本使用" class="headerlink" title="基本使用"></a>基本使用</h2><p>java.util.regex 包主要包括以下三个类：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Pattern 类</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>正则表达式的编译表示。没有公共构造方法，必须首先调用其公共静态编译方法获得 Pattern 对象。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Matcher 类</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>对输入字符串进行解释和匹配操作的引擎。没有公共构造方法，需要调用 Pattern 对象的 matcher 方法获得 Matcher 对象。</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>PatternSyntaxException 类</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>非强制异常类，表示正则表达式模式中的语法错误。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.regex.Matcher;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> java.util.regex.Pattern;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">RegexMatches</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">( String args[] )</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Pattern</span> <span class="variable">p</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Pattern.compile(<span class="string">&quot;abc&quot;</span>);        <span class="comment">// 编译正则表达式</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Matcher</span> <span class="variable">matcher</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p.matcher(<span class="string">&quot;abcdefg&quot;</span>);    <span class="comment">// 放入字符串中匹配</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(matcher.lookingAt());   <span class="comment">// 是否存在子串匹配 true</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(matcher.matches());     <span class="comment">// 是否完全匹配 false</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="正则表达式"><a href="#正则表达式" class="headerlink" title="正则表达式"></a>正则表达式</h2><p>我们可以通过使用特殊符号，让一个正则表达式能够匹配多种符合要求的字符串。</p>
<h3 id="表意符号"><a href="#表意符号" class="headerlink" title="表意符号"></a>表意符号</h3><ul>
<li><code>.</code> 表示任意字符</li>
</ul>
<p>在 Java 中，正则表达式编译需要再经过一次转义。因此 <code>\\</code> 才表示插入一个正则表达式的反斜线！</p>
<ul>
<li><code>\\d</code> 表示一位数字</li>
<li><code>\\\\</code> 表示一个反斜杠</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="字符集"><a href="#字符集" class="headerlink" title="字符集"></a>字符集</h3><ul>
<li><code>x|y</code> 匹配 x 或 y</li>
<li><code>[abc]</code>    匹配括号中任意单个字符</li>
<li><code>[^abc]</code>    匹配除括号中的任意单个字符</li>
<li><code>[a-zA-Z]</code> 匹配任意单个字母</li>
<li><code>[a-z&amp;&amp;[^def]]</code> 除 def 外的任意单个字母</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="字符串匹配"><a href="#字符串匹配" class="headerlink" title="字符串匹配"></a>字符串匹配</h3><p>通过 <code>?</code>、<code>*</code>、<code>+</code> 符号，我们可以对指定类型的字符串进行匹配。</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>贪婪模式</th>
<th>饥饿模式</th>
<th>独占模式</th>
<th>结果</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>X?</td>
<td>X??</td>
<td>X?+</td>
<td>匹配0或1次</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>X*</td>
<td>X*?</td>
<td>X*+</td>
<td>匹配0次或多次</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>X+</td>
<td>X+?</td>
<td>X++</td>
<td>匹配1次或多次</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>X{n}</td>
<td>X{n}?</td>
<td>X{n}+</td>
<td>匹配n次</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>X{m,n}</td>
<td>X{m,n}?</td>
<td>X{m,n}+</td>
<td>匹配m-n次</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>在匹配字符串时，同一个正则表达式可能会在在字符串中匹配到多种结果。Java 提供了以下三种方式供开发者选择：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>贪婪模式</strong> （默认）尽可能匹配长字符串。</li>
<li><strong>饥饿模式</strong> （?）尽可能匹配短字符串。</li>
<li><strong>独占模式</strong> （+）尽可能匹配长字符串，不成功会结束匹配而不回溯。</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h2 id="捕获组"><a href="#捕获组" class="headerlink" title="捕获组"></a>捕获组</h2><h3 id="普通捕获组"><a href="#普通捕获组" class="headerlink" title="普通捕获组"></a>普通捕获组</h3><p>我们可以在正则表达式中同时捕获多个结果，最终以 group 的形式呈现。</p>
<ul>
<li>matcher.group(0) 完全匹配整个正则表达式。</li>
<li>matcher.group(1-n) 从左到右分别记录正则表达式中 n 个括号内的结果。</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">RegexMatches</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">( String args[] )</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">regex</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;(\\d&#123;4&#125;)-((\\d&#123;2&#125;)-(\\d&#123;2&#125;))&quot;</span>     </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Pattern</span> <span class="variable">p</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Pattern.compile(regex);                <span class="comment">// 编译正则表达式</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Matcher</span> <span class="variable">matcher</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p.matcher(<span class="string">&quot;2020-10-25&quot;</span>);         <span class="comment">// 放入字符串</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        matcher.find();                      <span class="comment">// 执行匹配</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="number">0</span>)); <span class="comment">// 2020-10-25</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="number">1</span>)); <span class="comment">// 2020</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="number">2</span>)); <span class="comment">// 10-25</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="number">3</span>)); <span class="comment">// 10</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="number">4</span>)); <span class="comment">// 25</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h3 id="命名捕获组"><a href="#命名捕获组" class="headerlink" title="命名捕获组"></a>命名捕获组</h3><p>我们可以通过 <code>(?&lt;Name&gt;Expression)</code> 对括号内容就行命名，并通过名称获取括号内的匹配结果。</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title class_">RegexMatches</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">main</span><span class="params">( String args[] )</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">String</span> <span class="variable">regex</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="string">&quot;(?&lt;year&gt;\\d&#123;4&#125;)-(?&lt;md&gt;(?&lt;month&gt;\\d&#123;2&#125;)-(?&lt;date&gt;\\d&#123;2&#125;))&quot;</span>; </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Pattern</span> <span class="variable">p</span> <span class="operator">=</span> Pattern.compile(regex);                 <span class="comment">// 编译正则表达式</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">Matcher</span> <span class="variable">matcher</span> <span class="operator">=</span> p.matcher(<span class="string">&quot;2020-10-25&quot;</span>);          <span class="comment">// 放入字符串中匹配</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        matcher.find();                            <span class="comment">// 执行匹配</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="string">&quot;year&quot;</span>));  <span class="comment">// 2020</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="string">&quot;md&quot;</span>));    <span class="comment">// 10-25</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="string">&quot;month&quot;</span>)); <span class="comment">// 10</span></span><br><span class="line">        System.out.printf(matcher.group(<span class="string">&quot;date&quot;</span>));  <span class="comment">// 25</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>


<h3 id="非捕获组"><a href="#非捕获组" class="headerlink" title="非捕获组"></a>非捕获组</h3><p>我们可以通过 <code>(?:Expression)</code> 对组不进行捕获。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>(?=pattern)</code></li>
</ul>
<p>例如，’Windows (?=95|98|NT|2000)’ 匹配”Windows 2000”中的”Windows”，但不匹配”Windows 3.1”中的”Windows”。</p>
<p>预测先行不占用字符，即发生匹配后，下一匹配的搜索紧随上一匹配之后，而不是在组成预测先行的字符后。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>(?!pattern)</code></li>
</ul>
<p>如 ‘Windows (?!95|98|NT|2000)’ 匹配”Windows 3.1”中的 “Windows”，但不匹配”Windows 2000”中的”Windows”。</p>
<p>预测先行不占用字符，即发生匹配后，下一匹配的搜索紧随上一匹配之后，而不是在组成预测先行的字符后。</p>
<h2 id="字符串替换"><a href="#字符串替换" class="headerlink" title="字符串替换"></a>字符串替换</h2> 
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<div class="search-form-wrap">
  <div class="local-search local-search-plugin">
  <input type="search" id="local-search-input" class="local-search-input" placeholder="Search...">
  <div id="local-search-result" class="local-search-result"></div>
</div>
</div>
    </aside>
    <div id="mask"></div>

<!-- #reward -->
<div id="reward">
  <span class="close"><i class="ri-close-line"></i></span>
  <p class="reward-p"><i class="ri-cup-line"></i>请我喝杯咖啡吧~</p>
  <div class="reward-box">
    
    <div class="reward-item">
      <img class="reward-img" src="/images/alipay.jpg">
      <span class="reward-type">支付宝</span>
    </div>
    
    
    <div class="reward-item">
      <img class="reward-img" src="/images/wechat.jpg">
      <span class="reward-type">微信</span>
    </div>
    
  </div>
</div>
    
<script src="/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
 
<script src="/js/lazyload.min.js"></script>

<!-- Tocbot -->
 
<script src="/js/tocbot.min.js"></script>

<script>
  tocbot.init({
    tocSelector: ".tocbot",
    contentSelector: ".article-entry",
    headingSelector: "h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6",
    hasInnerContainers: true,
    scrollSmooth: true,
    scrollContainer: "main",
    positionFixedSelector: ".tocbot",
    positionFixedClass: "is-position-fixed",
    fixedSidebarOffset: "auto",
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery-modal/0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.js"></script>
<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/jquery-modal/0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.css"
/>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/justifiedGallery/3.8.1/js/jquery.justifiedGallery.min.js"></script>

<script src="/dist/main.js"></script>

<!-- ImageViewer -->
 <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/photoswipe/4.1.3/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.staticfile.org/photoswipe/4.1.3/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/photoswipe/4.1.3/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/photoswipe/4.1.3/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->
 
<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/animejs/3.2.1/anime.min.js"></script>

<script src="/js/clickBoom1.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/clipboard.js/2.0.10/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->
 
<script src="/js/dz.js"></script>
 
<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    

  </div>
</body>

</html>